Robert Rauschenberg

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Si Milton Ernest "Robert" Rauschenberg (Oktubre 22, 1925 – Mayo 12, 2008) sarong Amerikanong pintor asin graphic artist na an mga enot niyang obra nag-anticipar sa Pop art movement. Sikat si Rauschenberg dahil sa saiyang mga Combines (1954–1964), sarong grupo nin mga obra na ginamit an mga bagay na pangaldaw-aldaw bilang materyales sa arte, tanganing padigdi an pagkakaiba kan pagpipinta asin eskultura. Si Rauschenberg sarong pintor asin eskultor, pero nagtrabaho man siya sa larangan kan potograpiya, printmaking, papermaking, asin performance.

Nakatanggap si Rauschenberg nin dakul na mga parangal sa haros 60 taon niyang karera sa arte. An pinakaprominente sa mga ini iyo an International Grand Prize in Painting sa ika-32 na Venice Biennale kan 1964 asin an National Medal of Arts kan 1993.

Nag-eerok asin nagtatrabaho si Rauschenberg sa New York City asin sa Captiva Island, Florida, tanganing saiyang pagkamatay kan Mayo 12, 2008.

Life and career[edit]

Rauschenberg was born Milton Ernest Rauschenberg in Port Arthur, Texas, the son of Dora Carolina (née Matson) and Ernest R. Rauschenberg. His father was of German and Cherokee ancestry and his mother of Dutch descent. His father worked for Gulf States Utilities, a light and power company. His parents were Fundamentalist Christians. He had a younger sister named Janet Begneaud.

At 18, Rauschenberg was admitted to the University of Texas at Austin where he began studying pharmacology, but he dropped out shortly after due to the difficulty of the coursework—not realizing at this point that he was dyslexic—and because of his unwillingness to dissect a frog in biology class. He was drafted into the United States Navy in 1944. Based in California, he served as a neuropsychiatric technician in a Navy hospital until his discharge in 1945 or 1946.

Rauschenberg subsequently studied at the Kansas City Art Institute and the Académie Julian in Paris, France, where he met fellow art student Susan Weil. At that time he also changed his name from Milton to Robert. In 1948 Rauschenberg joined Weil in enrolling at Black Mountain College in North Carolina.

At Black Mountain, Rauschenberg sought out Josef Albers, a founder of the Bauhaus in Germany, whom he had read about in an August 1948 issue of Time magazine. He hoped that Albers' rigorous teaching methods might curb his habitual sloppiness. Albers' preliminary design courses relied on strict discipline that did not allow for any "uninfluenced experimentation."

Rauschenberg became, in his own words, "Albers' dunce, the outstanding example of what he was not talking about". Although Rauschenberg considered Albers his most important teacher, he found a more compatible sensibility in John Cage, an established composer of avant-garde music. Like Rauschenberg, Cage had moved away from the disciplinarian teachings of his instructor, Arnold Schönberg, in favor of a more experimentalist approach to music. Cage provided Rauschenberg with much-needed support and encouragement during the early years of his career, and the two remained friends and artistic collaborators for decades to follow.

From 1949 to 1952 Rauschenberg studied with Vaclav Vytlacil and Morris Kantor at the Art Students League of New York, where he met fellow artists Knox Martin and Cy Twombly.

Rauschenberg married Susan Weil in the summer of 1950 at the Weil family home in Outer Island, Connecticut. Their only child, Christopher, was born July 16, 1951. The two separated in June 1952 and divorced in 1953. Thereafter, Rauschenberg had romantic relationships with fellow artists Cy Twombly and Jasper Johns, among others. His partner for the last 25 years of his life was artist Darryl Pottorf, his former assistant.

In the 1970s he moved into NoHo in Manhattan in New York City.

Rauschenberg purchased the Beach House, his first property on Captiva Island, on July 26, 1968. However, the property did not become his permanent residence until the fall of 1970.

Rauschenberg died of heart failure on May 12, 2008, on Captiva Island, Florida.